godfrey of bouillon descendants

Godfrey de Bouillon by Tom Tozer. . . American Heritage®. Frankish knight who was one of the leaders of the First Crusade from 1096 until his death. Gee, what a coincidence then, that he would have led the first Crusade? June 21, 2018 Godfrey of Bouillon The leaders of the Christian armies which now quitted the West were already celebrated by their valor and their deeds. Godfrey of Bouillon was a leader of the First Crusade. Thus, Gender Godfrey of Bouillon (c. 1060 - 18 July 1100) was a medieval Frankish knight who was one of the leaders of the First Crusade from 1096 until his death. Godfrey of Bouillon. He marched into the Rhine Valley where Jews were numerous, pious, and prosperous and began a butchery not without economic incentives. This accounts for the conflicting information. Godfrey of Bouillon. Its old castle belonged to Godfrey of Bouillon, one of the leaders of the First Crusade, who pledged (1095) the town and the surrounding duchy to the bishop of Liège to raise funds for the . Direct Descendants of Godfrey de Boulogne 1 Godfrey de Boulogne aka: King of Jerusalem b: Bef. To procure resources he sold or pledged many of his estates. The second publication to appear in Routledge's Rulers of the Latin East series, Simon John's new book charts the career of Godfrey of Bouillon, a person who was, as the author notes, 'by any estimation … a significant historical figure' (p. 1). The servants of Godfrey of Bouillon gave the most striking evidence of his mildness and humanity, but above all his exemplary devotion. One of his descendants, Geoffrey de Mandeville was created the Earl of Essex, the title becoming extinct with the death of the third earl in 1189. . His tomb is in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre godfrey of bouillon stock illustrations. . Reviewed in the United States on January 2, 2005. The Dukes of Lorraine proudly claim to be descendants of Godfrey of Bouillon, who was Duke of Lower-Lorraine (Lothier) from 1089 to 1095. Mr. Ely Godfrey U.E. Godfrey of Bouillon's father Eustache is the son of "Mathilde von Loewen" (Louvain/Leuven) who in turn is a daughter of Gerberga von Lothringen . Godfrey of Bouillon, son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne and Ida, daughter of Godfrey III, the Duke of Lorraine, was supposed to inherit the Duchy of Lorraine from his uncle, Godfrey III. . theory that Godfrey de Boulogne, the head of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, was the same as Geoffrey de Boulogne, a minor nobleman in Anglo-Norman England. Godfrey of Bouillon was a Frank born in about the year 1060. For that reason, Godfrey had to sell his estates of . Tozer continues in the footsteps of his grandfather AW Tozer and has writen a book worthy of his name. The Ancestry and Life of Godfrey of Bouillon (Bloomington, 1947). With his brothers Eustace and Baldwin, he was among those who set out . This important figure in Christian history has been largely left out of other books on the crusades. In 1076 Bouillon Castle was given to Godfrey of Bouillon by Henry IV, the Holy Roman Emperor. Godfrey is a key figure in the pseudohistorical theories put forth in the books The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail and The Da Vinci Code. Rosella LaVerne Bouillon (born 1934) Notes on Godfrey of Bouillon (Text) Godfrey I de Bouillon (born 1060) Godefroid de Bouillon, Leader of 1st Crusade, Founder of Priory of Sion (Word) Godefroid de Bouillon, Leader of 1st Crusade, Ruler of Jerusalem (born 1061) Geoffrey is documented as husband of Beatrice. Description: Obituary for Rosella LaVerne (Foury) Rhodes. Godfrey of Bouillon, with Tancred de Hauteville, gained victory at the Siege of Antioch which had lasted from October 1097 to June 1098. "Descendants of John Irish the Immigrant 1629 - 1963 and Related Familes" by Willis Luther Irish and Stella Bertha (Putnam) Irish (Published 1964). He was the second son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, and Ida of Lorraine (daughter of Godfrey III, Duke of Lower Lorraine and his wife, Doda). JCC. (1904) 2721. Early life. The first, John C. Andressohn, The Life and Ancestry of Godfrey of Bouillon, Indiana University Publications, Social Sciences Series, 5 (Bloomington, Illinois, 1947), does give a detailed account of the march, but primarily from a biographical perspective. However, the German Emperor, Henry IV, took the Duchy for himself, leaving Godfrey with little wealth. 1061 d: 18 Jul 1100 ref #: Ä158A-23 Since Godfrey was a . There are no records to indicate that Godfrey ever married. Among his property holdings was the famous castle of Bouillon, originally built by Charles Martel, the legendary Frankish military commander who defeated a Muslim invasion force at the Battle of Tours in 732 and the grandfather of Charlemagne. Descendants of the Founders of New Jersey; Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of . Archbishop Ruthard of Mainz, unwilling to be a party to a massacre of the descendants . The Army of Godfrey of Bouillon was created by Godfrey, Lord of Bouillon, and Duke of Lower Leuven (as Godfrey V), in response to the call by Pope Urban II to both liberate Jerusalem from Muslim forces and protect the Byzantine Empire from similar attacks. In short, Godfrey was known to be a scion of the bloodline of Christ, and people knew it. 2.Eustace II, Count of Boulogne died circa 1070/1082 3.Ida de Lorraine died 13 August 1113. He had a keep built between 1080 and 1090. Bouillon Bouillon, town, Luxembourg prov., SE Belgium, in the Ardennes on the Semois River, near the French border. The ghost of Godfrey was watching every cunning move of 'The Caretaker' Morris would sell everything to. Godfrey of Bouillon. Contents 1 Footnotes (including sources) Footnotes (including sources) Categories (See - http://www.celtic-casimir.com/webtree/9/32503.htm ) Being the second-born son, he was not expected to inherit his fathers land, rank and status, and so his education was focused in the military arena. Godfrey is a character mentioned in Fire Emblem: Three Houses. The family of Herman van Malsen held land in the Betuwe around Geldermalsen and Meteren. Godfrey and his army, one of several Frankish forces deployed during the First Crusade, was among the first to arrive in Constantinople . At the head of the great captains who commanded in this crusade, history, as well as poetry, must place Godfrey de Bouillon, duke of the Lower Lorraine. The French crusader Godfrey of Bouillon (ca. Godfrey of Bouillon bo͞oyôN´ , c.1058-1100, Crusader, duke of Lower Lorraine. Bouillon (French pronunciation: (); Walloon: Bouyon) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Luxembourg in the Ardennes, Belgium.. Early life. He married Ida of Boulogne, sister of the great Godfrey of Bouillon, daughter of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, and (Saint) Ida of Lorraine. Godfrey of Bouillon was also known as Godefroi de Bouillon, and he was best known for leading an army in the First Crusade, and becoming the first European ruler in the Holy Land. Godfrey was already a legend among the descendants of the original crusaders. Murray [525] suggests that Geoffrey may have been born legitimate because (1) his descendants were known as "de Boulogne", (2) he married well, and (3) he was given the first name of his father's older brother. ∼PRINCEPS GODEFROI . With in the tribe the spelling of the name has . As a consequence of this successful military expedition to the Holy Land, Godfrey became the first ruler of the newly-established Kingdom of Jerusalem. However, William II de Saint-Omer (possibly Godfrey's younger brother) and Millesende de Picquigny (great-granddaughter of Templar member Guermond de Picquigny) had a son William III and a daughter Matilda, whose descendants married prominent nobility and English royalty. Godfrey became duke of Lorraine in 1076 at the age of eighteen. Godfrey of Bouillon (c. 1060 - 18 July 1100) was a medieval Frankish knight who was one of the leaders of the First Crusade from 1096 until his death. Godfrey of Bouillon (French: Godefroy, Dutch: Godfried, German: Gottfried, Latin: Godefridus Bullionensis; 18 September 1060 - 18 July 1100) was a French nobleman and pre-eminent leader of the First Crusade. He died on July 18, 1100 in Jerusalem. Godfrey was elected the first King of Jerusalem on 22 July 1099. Alfred the Great (849-899)/s, Charlemagne (747-814)/s, Rollo of Normandy (860-932)/s. They were the parents of at least 2 sons and 1 daughter. William & his [first/second] wife had one child: e) BAUDOUIN de Boulogne (-after [1167/68]). godfrey is 25 degrees from ernest shackleton, 39 degrees from roald amundsen, 29 degrees from vitus bering, 26 degrees from richard byrd, 29 degrees from jean-baptiste charcot, 41 degrees from henry larsen, 24 degrees from adolf erik nordenskiöld, 27 degrees from lawrence oates, 32 degrees from john rymill, 26 degrees from robert scott, 34 … Since the mid-19th century, an equestrian statue of Godfrey of Bouillon has stood in the center of the Royal Square in Brussels, Belgium. The First Crusade was a costly activity, and there were no visible rewards at the starting of the war. He is best remembered as one of the leaders of the First Crusade that ended with the liberation of Jerusalem, and where he was made the first ruler of the newly created Kingdom of Jerusalem. (2) Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower lorraine, leader of the First Crusade, b c1060, d 1100 ...Palestine, buried Jerusalem (3) Baldwin, count of Edessa, (1098-1100), King of Jerusalem 1100-1118 Generation Three B Illegitimate children of Eustace II (1) Geoffrey of Boulogne, of Carshalton Surrey, d a/f 1086, m b/f 1084 Beatrice de Mandeville who arrived at Port Roseway [Shelburne], Nova Scotia on December 13, 1783 was passenger number 463 aboard the ship "HMS Clinton", picked up on November 14, 1783 at East River, New York ; Mrs. Hannah Godfrey U.E. . It is taken from pages 8 to 9 1. Lotharingian leader of the First Crusade who was proclaimed "Protector of the Holy Sepulchre" after the capture of Jerusalem. There is a statue of him in Innsbruck, his helmet is encircled by a crown of thorns. Many nobles at once arrayed themselves under his banner, and about 15 August, 1096, he departed at the head of 10,000 knights and 30,000 foot soldiers. This Lord of Bouillon and Margrave of Antwerp had a castle, which he sold to . 6.Geoffroy "with the Beard" Count of Verdun, Duke of Upper-Lorraine died December . This article is about the first Christian ruler of Jerusalem, Godfrey of Bouillon, and the way he was shaped into the ideal ruler in the Latin universal chronicles of late C12 and C13. Godfrey of Bouillon was born in about 1060 C.E. This fighting force, I believe, later became known as the Knight Templars. Born Godefroy DE BOUILLON Medieval Frankish knight Born on 1061 in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France , France Died on July 18, 1100 in Jérusalem, Israel Deceased on july 18 35 Family tree Report an error De Boulogne Baudouin 976 - 1032 De Gand Adelaïde 980 - 1045 De Louvain Lambert 950 - 1015 De Basse Lorraine Gerberge 977 - 1016 D'Ardennes Gozelon Whilst his elder brother, Eustace III, was heir to the County of Boulogne and was to inherit the family's estate in England, Godfrey was named as the heir of his . . Godfrey of Bouillon was a medieval Frankish nobleman best known for his role as one of the main leaders during the First Crusade. He was designated by his uncle, Godfrey the Hunchback, as his successor in Lower Lorraine, but in 1076 Emperor Henry IV gave him only the Mark of Antwerp, taking back the fief of Lower Lotharingia, as his uncle had no direct descendants, nor heirs-male.Nevertheless, Godfrey of Bouillon fought for Henry both on the Elster and in the siege of Rome, and in 1082 was finally given the . Godfrey of Bouillon (c. 1060 aa 18 July 1100) a medieval Frankish knight who was one of the leaders of the First Crusade from 1096 until his death. Through the line of Baldwinus IV in the First House of Flanders, Mathis is closely related to Robert II and Godfrey of Bouillon, the King of Jerusalem following the First Crusade. Keep this . Receiving the Land of Cuijk as a fief from the Emperor, his descendants started to use the surname 'van Cuyck'. Godfrey of Bouillon synonyms, Godfrey of Bouillon pronunciation, Godfrey of Bouillon translation, English dictionary definition of Godfrey of Bouillon. Whilst his elder brother, Eustace III, was heir to the County of Boulogne and was to inherit the family's estate in England, Godfrey was named as the heir of his . He was son of Duke Oswald, brother of Tiana, and uncle of Claude. The law office of Heisinger, Morris, Rose, and Buck, were around the corner from the Rosamond Gallery. Adelolf of Boulogne, son of Baldwin II of Flanders and Ælfthryth of Wessex, daughter of King Alfred the Great. Some of the first settlers of this family name were: Godfrey Settlers in Canada in the 18th Century. Charles the Bald had many other descendants than the rulers of Flanders and Boulogne, As a consequence, Herman's descendants started to use the surname "van Cuyck", thus referring to their main powerbase. Godfrey of Bouillon was born in 1060, and was the second son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, and his wife, Ida, the daughter of Godfrey III (the Bearded), Duke of Lower Lorraine. . Godfrey of Bouillon was born in 1060, in Brabant-sur-Meuse, Meuse, Lorraine, France as the son of Eustache II de Boulogne Comte de Boulogne et de Lens and Unknown Mother. After years of delay Emperor Henry IV . This information is part of Genealogy Richard Remmé, The Hague, Netherlands by Richard Remmé on Genealogy Online. Godfrey of Bouillon was elected king of Jerusalem on July 22 1099. The Duchess of Bouillon and her daughter Beatrix are faced with a challenge from The Count of Frankfort or Saxony, over the right to the Duchy. Godfrey was the second son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, and Ida, daughter of Godfrey II, Duke of Lower Lorraine. The village of Cuijk is situated along the river Meuse, close to the town of Nijmegen, in the province of North-Brabant in the Netherlands. Among his property holdings was the famous castle of Bouillon, originally built by Charles Martel, the legendary Frankish military commander who defeated a Muslim invasion force at the Battle of Tours in 732 and the grandfather of Charlemagne. . 1. He was either the eldest or the second son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, and Ida, daughter of Godfrey III, Duke of Lower Lorraine. The statue was made by Eugène Simonis, and inaugurated on August 24, 1848. Scholarship has analyzed Godfrey's presentation as a Christlike ruler in Old French epics. He was the Lord of Bouillon, from which he took his byname, from 1076 and the Duke of Lower Lorraine from 1087. In Belgium, Bouillon is probably mostly associated with Godfrey of Bouillon (1060-1100), leader of the First Crusade. Sir Adam de Ireys, born about 1070, was the earliest known ancestor. Godfrey of Bouillon was elected king of Jerusalem on July 22 1099. Welcome. Archdeacon of Norwich 1164. 5.0 out of 5 stars. Godfrey was among the first to take the cross, together with his two brothers, Eustache and Baldwin (1096). He was married before 1086 to Beatrice de Mandeville, they had 2 children. The Priory of Sion is an initiatory Order of chivalry, founded on July 15 1099 in Jerusalem, by Godfrey of Bouillon, at the Abbey "Our Lady of Mount Sion" as "Order of our Lady of Mount Sion." The Order, after being registered for the first time in history, in 1956, and then being dissolved in 1993, was newly registered in 2015 . who arrived at Port Roseway [Shelburne], Nova Scotia on . The reason for this, as most will know, is Godfrey's role in the First Crusade, during which he earned immortal fame for his exploits . Godfrey left no descendants. Godfrey de Bouillon. Geoffrey/Godfrey was the son of Eustace II of Boulogne. 4.Eustace I, Count of Boulogne died circa 1049 5.Mathilde de Louvain. Godfrey was the son and heir of Duke Oswald von Riegan, the current head of House Riegan and leader of the Leicester Alliance. 1060-1100) was one of the chief lay leaders of the First Crusade and the first ruler of the newly formed state of Jerusalem. Godfrey of Bouillon, with Tancred de Hauteville, gained victory at the Siege of Antioch which had lasted from October 1097 to June 1098. Among the Italian stories connected with the Crusades is that of Otho Visconti, the founder of that famous Italian family which for centuries possessed sovereign power in Italy as Lords of Milan and Dukes of . But Danny, his boyfriend Sam, Oriol and myself booked a getaway weekend to Florenville and visited Orval Abbey and Bouillon with its medieval castle. He married Beatrice de Mandeville in 1077, in Buckinghamshire, England, United Kingdom. He died in Jerusalem after suffering from a prolonged illness. 1836484 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 4 — Bouillon. to Count Eustace II of Boulogne and his wife Ida, who was the daughter of Duke Godfrey II of Lower Lorraine. (1998) Ancestor List for Godfrey of Bouillon . Godfrey of Bouillon and Tancred were among the first to mount the ramparts during the capture of Jerusalem. De Bouillon was standing next to the ghost of Christine Rosamond. It is most picturesquely situated in the valley under the rocky ridge on which are still the very well preserved remains of the castle of Godfrey of . 1076-1087 AD) and helped King Henry IV of Germany to seize Rome from the Pope [15], although he later joined as one of the leaders of the Vatican's First Crusade in 1095 AD. Godfrey of Bouillon and Tancred were among the first to mount the ramparts during the capture of Jerusalem. By William of Tyre's time later in the 12th century, Godfrey was already a legend among the descendants of the original crusaders. Godfrey Of Bouillon Print Family Tree Born in 1060 - Baisy-Thy, Brussels, Belgium Deceased 18 July 1100 - Jerusalem, Israel,aged 40 years old Parents Count Eustace II Of Boulogne 1015-1093 Ida Of Lorraine 1040-1113 Siblings Count Eustace III Of Boulogne 1058-ca 1125 King Baldwin I Of Jerusalem 1065- Ida Of Boulogne 1068-1131 Notes Individual Note Godfrey of Bouillon, leader of the crusade, announced his determination to either convert or wipe out all Jews in Europe. Godfrey was already a legend among the descendants of the original crusaders. Wikipedia states that he never married or had children, whilst some other sources claim he married and had issue and is not to be confused with a half brother, Geoffrey (of Godfrey), Lord of Carshalton (Alton). By genealogy.com user August 11, 1997 at 09:39:25. Godefroy de Bouillon was born 1058 to Eustache II de Boulogne (c1017-1087) and Ide de Verdun (c1040-1113) and died 18 July 1099 of unspecified causes. Godefroy de Bouillon was born 1058 to Eustache II de Boulogne (c1017-1087) and Ide de Verdun (c1040-1113) and died 18 July 1099 of unspecified causes. The real Miles Mathis is no doubt one of the descendants of the Hidden Kings, by whichever name you want to call them (Fallen Angels, Nephilim, etc.). Hi, I am a Miami Indian.The Godfreys, desendent of Godfrey of Bouillon, King of Jerusalem in 1099, came over from France and married into the Miami Tribe.They attained high postitions in the tribe including chiefs.I am looking for any info on this. This book offers a new appraisal of the ancestry and career of Godfrey of Bouillon (c.1060-1100), a leading participant in the First Crusade (1096-99), and the first ruler of Latin Jerusalem (1099-1100), the polity established by the crusaders after they captured the Holy City. As a consequence of this successful military expedition to the Holy Land, Godfrey became the first ruler of the newly-established Kingdom of Jerusalem. Godfrey of Bouillon surpassed all the captains of his age in his skill in war; and if he had lived some time longer, would have merited a name among great kings. 1061?-1100. Godfrey was not canonized, but even early descriptions tend to present him as a legendary figure. Alfred the Great (849-899)/s, Charlemagne (747-814)/s, Rollo of Normandy (860-932)/s. . BOUILLON, formerly the seat of a dukedom in the Ardennes, now a small town in the Belgian province of Luxemburg. In the kingdom he founded he was constantly held up as a model for princes as well as warriors. In Imperial year 1177, Godfrey perished in an apparent . In 1095 Godfrey answered the call of Pope Urban II to go on the First Crusade. Godfrey of Bouillon was proposed the crown of Jerusalem but he refused "to bear a golden crown in the place where Christ had borne a spine crown"; he was elected Warden of the Holy Sepulcher on 22 July and . Despite creating for himself a title using the word "Defender", Godfrey de Bouillon was a Vassal of the German Empire, who actually fought against the Vatican (ca. Since the names Godfrey and Geoffrey share The municipality consists of the following districts: Bellevaux, Bouillon, Corbion, Dohan, Les Hayons . Baldwin II, son of Baldwin I of Flanders and Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald, Holy Roman Emperor and a male-line descendant of Charlemagne. To add to this honorable testimony, the exploits of the duke of Lorraine during the holy war were dwelt upon. Godfrey of Bouillon (c. 1060, Baisy-Thy, near Brussels - 18 July 1100, Jerusalem) was a medieval knight and soldier who was a leader of the First Crusade from 1096 until his death. The Southworths of Samlesbury in turn were descendants of Geoffrey de Boulogne, an older half-brother of the pious and heroic leader of the First Crusade (1096-1099), Godfrey of Bouillon(Boulogne). Later, Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine, also a descendant of the Merovingian line by the great-grandparents, Long Nez Hugues and Agnès Bella (Hugues Long Nez was the great-grandson of Sigebert VI Duke of Razès), in 1099, after the conquer of Jerusalem, Godfrey of Bouillon founded the Order of the Knights of Our Lady of Sion. Godfrey became duke of Lorraine in 1076 at the age of eighteen. Geoffrey [illegitimate] de Boulogne was born about 1060 in Baisy-Thy, Brabant, Belgium, son of Eustace II de Boulogne and Nn Nn. In the First Crusade, Bohemond of Taranto, Raymond of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, Tancred of Hauteville, Baldwin of Boulogne, and Peter the Hermit were the key figures from the Western Roman Empire. Pop. He accompanied Godfrey of Bouillon to the Holy Land on the Andressohn's discussion of the participants other than Godfrey and Baldwin is limited to . Godfrey of Bouillon. . Godfrey of Bouillon was the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the duke of Lower Lorraine, and one of the leaders of the 'First Crusade' that eventually recaptured the 'Holy Land.' As the second son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, he had no claim on his father's possessions. However, his maternal uncle named him the heir to the duchy of Lower Lorraine. Godfrey of Bouillon, French Godefroi de Bouillon, (born c. 1060—died July 18, 1100, kingdom of Jerusalem [now Jerusalem, Israel]), duke of Lower Lorraine (as Godfrey IV; 1089-1100) and a leader of the First Crusade, who became the first Latin ruler in Palestine after the capture of Jerusalem from the Muslims in July 1099. He presumably held a Crest of Riegan due to his status as House Riegan's heir. So Godfrey took out loans on his lands and Bouillon Castle from Otbert, Prince-Bishop of Liège, to finance his crusade. Godfrey of Bouillon was a medieval Frankish nobleman best known for his role as one of the main leaders during the First Crusade. When Godfrey of Bouillon went on and became a leader of an army of the First Crusade, he liberated the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, and then he needed to create a fighting force of men at arms to protect this newly one site. He was designated by his uncle, Godfrey the Hunchback, as his successor in Lower Lorraine, but in 1076 Emperor Henry IV gave him only the Mark of Antwerp, taking back the fief of Lower Lotharingia, as his uncle had no direct descendants, nor heirs-male.Nevertheless, Godfrey of Bouillon fought for Henry both on the Elster and in the siege of Rome, and in 1082 was finally given the . Godfrey of Bouillon (c. 1060 - 18 July 1100) was a medieval Frankish knight who was one of the leaders of the First Crusade from 1096 until his death. Godfrey's birthplace is no longer certain, although it was probably . Marlborough - that endures today as one of the finest and most respected . It is a small manufacturing and tourist center. The First Crusade: Motto and People Involved. The municipality, which covers 149.09 km 2, had 5,477 inhabitants, giving a population density of 36.7 inhabitants per km 2.. He fought for Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV against Pope Gregory VII and against Rudolf of Swabia and was rewarded (c.1082) with the duchy of Lower Lorraine, which he claimed through his mother. He led the 1st crusade. While previous studies of Godfrey's life have tended to focus on his career from the point at which he joined the . History of the Duchy de Bouillon by François Velde Genealogy of the Boulogne lineage by Han van der Voort Ivan Sache, 11 December 2005 . 1.Godfrey de Bouillon, Duke of Lower-Lorraine born circa 1060, died circa 18 July 1100 in Palestine. Godfrey of Bouillon was born the second son of the Count of Bourgogne in the mid-11th century. Godfrey of Bouillon was born in 1060, and was the second son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, and his wife, Ida, the daughter of Godfrey III (the Bearded), Duke of Lower Lorraine. Pierrot was a front for Mark and Vicki Presco, and Garth Benton.

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